This document discusses wireless communications and ad hoc networks. It begins with an introduction to wireless communications, including the generations of wireless technologies and the electromagnetic spectrum used. It then covers wireless computer networks, focusing on wireless local area networks (WLANs) and describing the IEEE 802.11 standard architecture. This includes components like access points, basic service sets, and extended service sets. It also discusses security issues with wireless networks and ad hoc networks, which are decentralized peer-to-peer networks without a central access point. In the end, it provides some references for further reading on these topics.
Definition
A decentralized type of wireless network, allowing people and devices to seamlessly internetwork in areas with no pre-existing communication infrastructure, It can turn the dream of networking at any place and at time into reality. We are almost there by the way .Ex- Bluetooth enabled mobile phones such as 3G, laptops, handheld digital devices, personal digital assistants, or wearable computers
WLAN is a wireless computer network that links two or more devices (using-spectrum or OFDM radio) within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building.
WLAN is a marketed under the Wi-Fi brand name.
Wireless LANs have become popular in the home due to ease of installation and use.
in this paper authors made the study of basic clustering algorithm Leach. A comparison is made between Leach and Leach.wireless sensor network advantages, and wireless sensor network dataset
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are distributed and independent sensors that are connected and worked together to measure quantities such as temperature, humidity, pressure, noise levels or vibrations. WSNs can measure vehicular movement (velocity, location, etc.) and monitor conditions such as lightning condition, soil makeup and motion. Nowadays, WSNs are utilized in many common applications such as vehicle applications. Some of vehicle applications are: vehicle tracking and detection, tire pressure monitoring, vehicle speed detection, vehicle direction indicator, traffic control, reversing aid sensors etc. Such applications can be divided in major categories such as safety, security, environment and logistics. To implement WSN in an application and have an efficient system, we need to consider about WSN technology, and its components. This paper is aimed at providing reliable software architecture of WSN that could be implemented for better performance and working.
Comparison of Routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Detailed Surveytheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) and its applicationsAman Gupta
For free download Subscribe to https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTfiZ8qwZ_8_vTjxeCB037w and Follow https://www.instagram.com/fitrit_2405/ then please contact +91-9045839849 over WhatsApp.
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a continuously self-configuring, infrastructure-less network of mobile devices connected without wires. Ad hoc is Latin and means "for this purpose
Definition
A decentralized type of wireless network, allowing people and devices to seamlessly internetwork in areas with no pre-existing communication infrastructure, It can turn the dream of networking at any place and at time into reality. We are almost there by the way .Ex- Bluetooth enabled mobile phones such as 3G, laptops, handheld digital devices, personal digital assistants, or wearable computers
WLAN is a wireless computer network that links two or more devices (using-spectrum or OFDM radio) within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building.
WLAN is a marketed under the Wi-Fi brand name.
Wireless LANs have become popular in the home due to ease of installation and use.
in this paper authors made the study of basic clustering algorithm Leach. A comparison is made between Leach and Leach.wireless sensor network advantages, and wireless sensor network dataset
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are distributed and independent sensors that are connected and worked together to measure quantities such as temperature, humidity, pressure, noise levels or vibrations. WSNs can measure vehicular movement (velocity, location, etc.) and monitor conditions such as lightning condition, soil makeup and motion. Nowadays, WSNs are utilized in many common applications such as vehicle applications. Some of vehicle applications are: vehicle tracking and detection, tire pressure monitoring, vehicle speed detection, vehicle direction indicator, traffic control, reversing aid sensors etc. Such applications can be divided in major categories such as safety, security, environment and logistics. To implement WSN in an application and have an efficient system, we need to consider about WSN technology, and its components. This paper is aimed at providing reliable software architecture of WSN that could be implemented for better performance and working.
Comparison of Routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Detailed Surveytheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) and its applicationsAman Gupta
For free download Subscribe to https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTfiZ8qwZ_8_vTjxeCB037w and Follow https://www.instagram.com/fitrit_2405/ then please contact +91-9045839849 over WhatsApp.
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a continuously self-configuring, infrastructure-less network of mobile devices connected without wires. Ad hoc is Latin and means "for this purpose
This is a power point Presentation about wifi and the various standards of IEEE used for the transmission of data over the wireless network.
You must have encountered with term 802.11.a/b/g/n of your wireless network device.
This presentation will break the ice for your knowledge about those terms, their standards and how they get connected.
Let's Get Started.
These ppt are the part 2 of mobile computing concepts. These ppt defines the following things
Wireless Networking
Wireless LAN Overview: IEEE 802.11
Wireless applications
Data Broadcasting
Bluetooth
TCP over wireless
Mobile IP
WAP: Architecture, protocol stack, application
environment, applications.
1. Wireless Communications & Adhoc Networks Jokhio Sultan Salahuddin Kohistani 07CS24 Computer Communication & Network Management Department of Computer Systems Engineering MUET Jamshoro
2. Agenda Wireless Communications Introduction Generations of Wireless Communications EM spectrum Modes/Types Wireless Computer Networks Techniques Security Ad hoc Networks Contents
4. Wireless Without wires or without physical conducting material or carrier. Unguided Medium Communication Information propagation from source to destination. Hence, Wireless Communication; Transfer of information over a distance without utilizing electrical conductors or "wires". Wireless Communications (Introduction)
9. Far Distant (Larger Range) Communication Cellular/Mobile Communications Wireless Computer Networks Radar Communication Satellite Communication Broadcasting (Analog/Digital) TVs Radios Wireless Communications (Modes/Types)
10. Near (Shorter Distance) Communication Bluetooth Infrared Wireless Communications (Modes/Types)
11. Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs) Wireless Communications (Computer Networks)
12. A LAN with every end device/node having wireless access to share hardware, software and other devices and Resources. Wireless Communications (Computer Networks: WLANs) other devices
14. Limited to single room b/c waves does not penetrate opaque walls GHz to 400 THz Excellent potential for data transmission Keyboard, mouse, Printers, and end devices can communicate Original standard data rate of 75 kbps for a distance up to 8 m. The recent standard defines a data rate of 4 Mbps. Wireless Communications (Computer Networks: WLANs: Transmission Techniques: Infrared LANs)
15. IEEE 802.11 committee Standards Makes use of Spread Spectrum transmission techniques. Most Popular type of WLAN Usable without having to go to licensing procedure Operates in ISM [Industrial, Scientific, and Medical {902-928MHz (915MHz), 2.4-2.4835GHz (2.4GHz), 5.725-5.825GHz(5.8GHz)}] microwave band. Higher the frequency, Higher the potential Bandwidth. Wireless Communications (Computer NWs: WLANs: Transmission Techniques: Spread Spectrum LANs)
17. Access Point (AP) Basic Services Set (BSS) Coordination Function Distribution System Extended Services Set (ESS) MAC protocol data Unit (MPDU) MAC service Data Unit (MSDU) Station/Node/End Device Wireless Communications (Computer NWs : : : IEEE 802.11 Components)
18. Access Point (AP) Also called Wireless Access point (WAP) or central Base Station. a device that allows wireless communication devices to connect to a wireless network using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or related standards. WAP or AP connects to router or any other Layer 3 device Can perform switching function b/w wireless devices Wired devices can also be connected to it Wireless Communications (Computer NWs : : : : Access Point)
20. Basic Services Set (BSS) Building block of a wireless LAN. is made of stationary or mobile wireless stations and an optional central base station, also known as the access point (AP). *A BSS without an AP is called an ad hoc network ABSS with an AP is called an infrastructure network. Wireless Communications (Computer NWs : : : : Basic Services Set)
21. Access Point is Optional Without Access point stations still can communication Wireless Communications (Computer NWs : : : : Basic Services Set)
22. Coordination Function logical function Uses CSMA techniques with CA Determines when a station is permitted to transmit and may able to receive the PDU. Distribution Function A system used to interconnect A set of BSSs & integrated LAN to create ESS Wireless Communications (Computer NWs : : : : Coordination and Distribution Function)
23. An Extended service set (ESS) is made up of two or more BSSs with APs. In this case, the BSSs are connected through a distribution system, which is usually a wired LAN. The distribution system connects the APs in the BSSs. IEEE 802.11 does not restrict the distribution system; it can be any IEEE LAN such as an Ethernet. Wireless Communications (Computer NWs : : : : Extended Services set)
24. MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) The unit of data exchanged b/w two peer MAC entities using the services of the physical layer. MAC Protocol Data Unit (MSDU) Information that is delivered to the user. Stations Any device that contains an IEEE 802.11 conformant MAC and Physical layer. Wireless Communications (Computer NWs : : : : MPDU, MSDU & Stations)
27. Increase in Portable Devices Simplicity and Flexibility Reliable and Secure Higher Data Rates, Speed and Reach Technology Cost Savings Trend Wireless Communications (Computer NWs : : : : Why Wireless..?)
28. Data less secure The waves could be damaging to our health Modulation technique required for efficient transmission. Wireless Communications (Computer NWs : : : : Why not Wireless)
29. Authentication A function that determines whether a Station is allowed to participate in network communication. Implementing network encryption Security Protocols WEP (Wireless Equivalency protocol) WPA (Wireless Protected Access) Wireless Communications (Security)
30. Data is In Air Even with Encryption creative minded hackers can sniff your data and corporate confidential information. Even with encryption, the data between client and AP’s are available for anyone to capture. Danger for Humanity… Wireless Communications (Issues)
31. An Adhoc network is a peer-to-peer network (no central device) set up temporarily to meet some immediate needs. When all station are mobile stations, with no connection to other BSSs, the BS is called IBSS(Independent BSS), some times referred as Ad hoc network… In simple words, it is decentralized network… Wireless Communications (Adhoc Networks)
35. The World Wide web (Internet) Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia http://www.wikipedia.org/en IEEE http://www.ieee.org ACM http://www.acm.org Books Computer Networks Tanebaum S. Andrew 4th ed. Data Communications and Networking Forozon A. Behrouz 4th ed. Data and Computer Communications Stallings William 6th ed. References